The,Benefits,of,Adhering,to,the,Washington,Cooperation,Law
The,Benefits,of,Adhering,to,the,Washington,Cooperation,Law
The Washington Cooperation Law is a set of guidelines and principles that promote cooperation and coordination among nations. Adhering to this law can bring numerous benefits to countries, including economic growth, improved international relations, and increased security.
The Benefits of Adhering to the Washington Cooperation Law
Economic Growth
One of the primary benefits of adhering to the Washington Cooperation Law is increased economic growth. This law encourages countries to work together to promote economic development and trade. By doing so, countries can benefit from increased investment, improved infrastructure, and expanded markets for their goods and services. This, in turn, can lead to higher levels of economic growth and increased prosperity for all involved.
Improved International Relations
Another benefit of adhering to the Washington Cooperation Law is improved international relations. This law encourages countries to work together in a spirit of cooperation and mutual respect. By doing so, they can build trust and understanding, which can help to prevent conflicts and promote peaceful resolution of disputes. In addition, cooperation can lead to increased cultural exchange, which can help to promote understanding and acceptance of different cultures and ways of life.
Increased Security
Finally, adhering to the Washington Cooperation Law can also increase security. This law promotes the sharing of information and resources among countries to combat common threats such as terrorism, cybercrime, and climate change. By working together, countries can pool their resources and expertise to develop effective strategies for addressing these challenges. This can help to make the world a safer place for everyone.
Conclusion
In conclusion, adhering to the Washington Cooperation Law can bring numerous benefits to countries, including economic growth, improved international relations, and increased security. By working together in a spirit of cooperation and mutual respect, countries can build trust, understanding, and prosperity for all involved. As such, it is important for countries to continue to adhere to this law and to promote its principles and guidelines in all aspects of their international relations.
Keywords: Washington Cooperation Law, economic growth, international relations, security.
求BVI公司的英文介绍！！
IBC - an International Business Company - is the most commonly used official name for what is more popularly known as an "offshore company". IBC's are the basic building blocks of the offshore financial services industry.
Essentially, a modern IBC is a private corporation which is exempt from tax, suitable for virtually any international business activity, has a flexible organizational structure, is not burdened by excessive reporting and record-keeping requirements, and maintains strict confidentiality provisions.
Since the adoption of the British Virgin Islands International Business Companies Ordinance in 1984, the BVI IBC has attained a model status in the offshore services industry. With more than 600,000 total incorporations and more than 5000 new companies registered every month, BVI is by far the most popular offshore tax haven. Such is the dominance of the British Virgin Islands as an offshore corporate domicile, that in many regions of the Far East International Business Companies are called simply as "BVI's".
In January 1, 2005 a brand-new version of the BVI Business Companies Act came into force. The new Act represents a further development in the already outstanding BVI offshore corporate legislation. The new law successfully addresses the challenges faced by the offshore financial industry in the 21st century, in particular the pressures against 'illegal discrimination' between domestic and offshore companies. Thus the new BVI Business Companies Act removes any former distinction between a local company (operating in the domestic market) and an offshore company (restricted only to international business). According to the new Act, there is now only one, unified type of company - a BVI Business Company, which continues to be exempt from tax and continues to enjoy all the substantial benefits afforded by the previous legislation.
The Chief Minister of the BVI, Dr. the Hon. D. Orlando Smith, said at the announcement of the new legislation: "The new BVI Business Companies Act was designed to safeguard the attributes that have made the BVI the world's premier offshore company domicile. The collaborative effort to draft this new Act has resulted in legislation that not only retains all the virtues of the current IBC Act, but makes the BVI even more attractive to clients by including new features that have become desirable since the enactment of the current Act."
A full text of the consolidated BVI Business Companies Act is available in our "Downloads" section.
CORNERSTONES OF SUCCESS
These are some of the general advantages of the British Virgin Islands over many other offshore financial centres:
US dollar is the official currency in the BVI - therefore, by definition, there can be no currency controls and no artificial manipulation of money supply by the local government.
BVI are a British Overseas Territory, which provides for an outstanding political stability. The country also maintains a low international profile and a clean reputation, thus avoiding the pitfalls experienced by some more publicised and less scrupulous offshore tax havens.
BVI has an independent judicial system based on English Common Law. Laws and regulations are routinely developed in consultation with the private sector. Offshore financial services sector contributes a very significant part to the country's gross domestic product. Therefore, an inherent and pronounced interest exists both with the government and with the general public to maintain and develop the country's status as a competitive offshore financial centre.
BVI is an independent country with a fairly high standard of living. Therefore, it avoided entering any information-sharing agreements with foreign countries or organizations for exchange of financial aid. Client confidentiality is robustly enshrined in the BVI corporate and business legislation.
BVI is easily accessible by sea and air, has modern telecommunications and is on US Eastern Standard Time (1 hour behind EST in winters).
THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF A BVI BC IN DETAIL
Exemption from tax
A BVI Business Company is exempt from the BVI income tax, the same exemption applies to all dividends, interest, rents, royalties, compensations and other amounts paid by a company, and all capital gains realised with respect to any shares, debt obligations or other securities of the company. No estate, inheritance, succession or gift tax is payable with respect to any shares, debt obligations or other securities of a BVI BC. All transactions and instruments relating to transfers of any type of property of assets, shares, debt obligations or securities to or by a BVI BC are exempt from the stamp duty, with a sole exception for land-ownership transactions in the British Virgin Islands, in which case stamp duty remains payable.
Legal personality
A British Virgin Islands Business Company has separate legal personality and the same powers as a natural person.
Secrecy
Confidentiality is one of the key features of the BVI Business Company as details of the company beneficial owners, directors and shareholders are NOT part of public record. Register of Members, Register of Directors and all Minutes and Resolutions by the Company are kept only at the offices of the Registered Agent in complete confidentiality. Certainly, though, these files are available for inspection to Company shareholders.
The only documents held on public record are the Memorandum and Articles of Association, but these normally do not contain any indication as to the actual shareholders, directors or the beneficial owners of the company.
At the same time, if the owners of the company so wish, the Register of Directors and/or the Register of Members may be filed with the Registrar of Companies. Such step may be desirable if a complete certainly must be achieved and showed publicly as to the actual identities of the Company managers or members - but, again, this is purely optional.
Structural flexibility
A BVI Business Company requires a minimum of only one owner, one shareholder, and one director. All of them can be one and the same person. Apart from the director, the company need not appoint any operating officers. The management structure of the BVI Business Company may be designed in accordance with the widest variety of requirements.
The shareholders, directors and officers of a BVI Business Company may be individuals or corporations and of any nationality. The shareholder's or director's meetings need not be held in the British Virgin Islands and there is no requirement for an Annual General Meeting.
Meetings can be held by telephone or other electronic means; alternatively, directors as well as shareholders may vote by proxy.
Where a Business Company has only one member who is an individual and that member is also the sole director, such sole member / director may specifically appoint a reserve director to act in his place in the event of his death.
Provisions against confiscation
If a foreign Government or authority seizes Company shares, or any other interest in the Company in connection with nationalization, expropriation, confiscatory tax, other governmental charge or with a similar cause the Company or a shareholder may apply to the BVI court for an order that the Company disregard the seizure and continue to treat the person from whom the shares were seized as continuing to hold the shares.
No reporting
BVI Business Companies does not have an obligation to prepare of file financial accounts. However, records must be kept that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions; and will, at any time, enable the financial position of the Company to be determined with reasonable accuracy. Such records do not have to be kept in the British Virgin Islands and the location for keeping such records can be freely determined by the owners of the Company, and there is no requirement whatsoever to file or otherwise make public any commercial or financial records of the Company.
Bearer shares
Shares of a BVI Business Company may be issued in bearer form. However the bearer shares may not be issued to their actual owner but may only be kept in custody of a licensed custodian in the BVI, or with such custodian outside BVI, together with a written indication as to the actual identity and address of the owner of such shares. The schedule of Government fees for BVI Business Companies contains a clear negative incentive against utilising bearer shares in the structuring of the Business Companies, as the Government fees for such companies will be considerably higher.
Various types of incorporations
A BVI Business Company may be incorporated as a company limited by shares, a company limited by guarantee (with or without authorisation to issue shares), an unlimited company (with or without authorisation to issue shares), a segregated portfolio company and a restricted purpose company.
No requirement to state operational objects
Since 2005, there is no requirement to specify the operational objects of the BVI Business Company in the foundation documents of the Company (Memorandum and Articles of Association). However, the company may choose to do so and, indeed, a specific type of a "restricted purpose company" is envisaged by the Business Companies Act.
Company names
A BVI Business Company may not be registered under a name that is identical to the name of an existing BVI company, or is so similar to the name of an existing BVI Company, that, in the opinion of the Registrar, such name would be likely to confuse or mislead. As the BVI Registrar of Companies has a name-reservation system, a reserved name would also be considered as an already existing name.
Without obtaining a prior written consent of the Financial Servies Commission, a BVI Business Company may not be registered under a name that contains a "restricted" word or phrase (according to a published list of such restrictions) - such as the words "Assurance", "Bank", "Building Society", "Chamber of Commerce", "Chartered", "Cooperative", "Imperial", "Municipal", "Royal", "Trust" or any word conveying a similar meaning, as well as any name suggesting the patronage of the British Royalty, British, BVI or any other government or its department.
The Registrar may also refuse the registration of any particular name if, in the opinion of the Registrar, such name is offensive or, for any other reason, objectionable.
The name-endings denoting the type of company
The name of a limited company, shall end with the word "Limited", "Corporation" or "Incorporated"; the words "Societe Anonyme" or "Sociedad Anonima"; the abbreviation "Ltd", "Corp", "Inc" or "S.A."; or such other word or words, or abbreviations thereof.
The name of an unlimited company shall end with the word "Unlimited" or the abbreviation "Unltd".
The name of a restricted purposes company shall end with the phrase "(SPV) Limited" or the phrase "(SPV) Ltd".
The name of a segregated portfolio company shall end with one of the phrases "Segregated Portfolio Company Limited"; "Segregated Portfolio Company Ltd"; "SPC Limited"; "SPC Ltd"; or, in the case of a segregated portfolio company that is a restricted purposes company, one of the phrases specified in this paragraph with "(SPV)" inserted immediately before that phrase or immediately before "Limited" or "Ltd".
Quite uniquely for BVI, the name of a BVI Business Company may comprise the expression "BVI Company Number" followed by its company number in figures and the ending required, as specified above - for instance "BVI Company Number 987654 Ltd". A company name expressed in such fashion may also contain additional foreign characters between the company number and the ending.
Appointment of Agents
The directors of a BVI Business Company may appoint any person (including an existing director), to be an agent of the Company. Subject to the Memorandum and Articles of Association such agent has such powers and authority as the directors may prescribe, except that no agent shall have no authority to amend the Memorandum or Articles; to appoint directors or agents; to approve a plan of merger, consolidation or arrangement; or to make a declaration of solvency or approve a liquidation plan.
Fixed Government fee
A BVI Business Company must pay the following annual license fees to the BVI Government:
FOR COMPANIES WITH REGISTERED SHARES ONLY:
USD 350 for Company with up to 50,000 shares, with or without par value.
USD 350 for Company limited by a guarantee or an unlimited company without shares.
USD 1100 for Company with more than 50,000 shares, with or without par value.
USD 5000 for a Restricted Purposes Company.
FOR COMPANIES WITH, OR AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE BEARER SHARES:
USD 800 for Company with up to 50,000 shares, if all bearer shares are kept with a BVI Custodian.
USD 1100 for Company with more than 50,000 shares, if all bearer shares are kept with a BVI Custodian.
USD 1100 for Company with up to 50,000 shares, if some of the bearer shares are not kept with a BVI Custodian.
USD 1350 for Company with more than 50,000 shares, if some of the bearer shares are not kept with a BVI Custodian.
(Apart from these Government fees, Registered Agent and Address fees will normally be payable, as well as another professional fees for Company Management and Administration. These are set forth in full detail in our Schedule of Fees.)
A SHORTLIST: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BVI BUSINESS COMPANY
Factor Description
Income tax in BVI None
Conduct business internationally Yes
Conduct business within BVI Yes
Formally considered as resident in BVI Yes
Official language / language of documents English
Operational objects No requirement to specify
Authorized capital Not required as a concept
Minimum paid-up capital No specific requirements
Considerations to the capital In any currency or in kind
Most effective number of shares
(maximum amount at minimum state fee) 50,000 shares (with or without par value)
Bearer shares Yes (but to be held by a custodian only)
Registered Agent in BVI Required
Registered Address in BVI Required
Minimum number of directors One
Non-resident directors Allowed
Corporate directors Allowed
Register of Directors To be kept by the Registered Agent
Register of Directors filed for public record No, but may choose to do so
Minimum number of Members (shareholders) One
Register of Members To be kept by the Registered Agent
Register of Members filed for public record No
Holding of Annual General Meeting Not required
Convention of Meetings of Directors / Members Anywhere in the world, also by proxy
Corporate Seal Mandatory
Imprint of Corporate Seal To be kept by the Registered Agent
Corporate Minutes and Resolutions To be kept by the Registered Agent
Disclosure of beneficial owners to Registrar No
Disclosure of beneficial owners to Agent Yes (confidential due diligence)
Keeping of accountst Internally, only to enable a reasonably accurate determination of financial position
Auditing of accounts Not required
Filing of accounts Not required
Double-tax avoidance treaties Switzerland, Japan
Currency controls / restrictions None
Available special types of company Restricted purpose company
Segregated portfolio company
Redomicile a foreign company into BVI Yes
Redomicile a BVI company abroad Yes
Net time to incorporate 3-5 days
Ready-made (shelf) companies Available
HOW TO REGISTER IN BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS?
This is how a new offshore company registration normally happens:
ORDERING
You can easily order the formation of Your BVI Business Company by using our online Order form. The Order form is fairly simple, and it contains comments on all important points.
If you do not wish to send your order over internet, please download the Order Form from our Downloads section, complete and send it to us by fax.
If you are choosing a shelf company from our ready-made list, the same Order Form should be filled. This is because a shelf company normally has an “open” configuration, which is only finalized according to a clients’ order.
OUR FEEDBACK
Upon receipt of Your company formation order, we will review it, and come back to You. Please make sure to include precise contact details with Your Order – if we can’t contact You, we can’t proceed any further!
Depending on the required structure of the new company there may be some additional questions to be clarified. We will also confirm to You if the required company name is available - unless a shelf company is ordered, in which case the name is available, obviously. When all details of Your order are clear and confirmed by You, we will issue a precise and itemized invoice.
DUE DILIGENCE AND CLIENT INFORMATION
As required by the law and by the conditions of our Company Management License, we must properly identify and know our client and the beneficial owner(s) of the new company. This is a uniformly accepted rule throughout the offshore financial services industry and all respectable company formation agents are adhering to it – or they lose their licenses. Therefore, before we can proceed with a new incorporation for any first-time clients, we need to receive a couple of documents that identify and characterize the clients we are dealing with – like, a certified copy of passport, a proof of address, etc. We will advise You what exactly is required and how to prepare this paperwork in the easiest possible way.
If you are a professional organization (intermediary) which intends to purchase companies regularly for resale, additional due diligence requirements will apply – please inquire for full details.
Please rest assured that all of the information You provide to us will be kept in complete confidentiality. It is for our internal file only and will remain there! The client information never appears on any public record or registrar (unless the client especially says so) and stiff criminal penalties will be enforced upon us if we illegally divulge our client information to anyone.
PAYMENT
Together with the Due Diligence information, we also need to be in receipt of payment before we can proceed with a new offshore company formation. For regular clients, who are known to us for some time, we routinely apply “open account” payment terms. However, this courtesy can not be extended to first-time and individual orders.
REGISTRATION
Upon confirmation of all details of Your order, receipt of the due diligence information and payment, we will prepare the Memorandum and Articles of Association and other mandatory documents required to register your BVI Business Company. There is no need for you to sign any incorporation documents for an Business Company – the initial company formation paperwork is prepared and signed on Your behalf by the Registered Agent (us), as prescribed by the Business Companies Act.
We will pay the applicable capital duties and registration fees. Then the documents will be filed to the BVI Registrar of Companies. In order to comply with the minimum domestic presence requirements in the BVI, we will provide the Registered Address and Registered Agent service for your new company.
DOCUMENTS
The set of corporate documents for a BVI Business Company or will always include the standard logical sequence of documentation: original Certificate of Incorporation, Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, the Minutes and Resolutions dealing with the appointment of Directors and the allocation of shares, share certificates, copies of the Registrar of Directors and the Registrar of Shareholders. If we have bee
帮忙把一下翻译成英语~！！急急！
The?reform?of?United?Nations?Security?Council?consists?of?many?respects,?including?the?expanding?issue,?improvement?of?working?efficiency?and?methods.?And?its?reform?should?be?based?on?the?following?principles:
Heighten?the?authority?and?efficiency?of?United?Nations?Security?Council?and?enhance?its?ability?of?solving?the?global?threats?and?challenges.
Being?the?representative,?UNSS?should?be?prior?to?develop?the?developing?countries?which?occupy?more?than?2/3?of?the?total?amount?in?United?Nation?members.?However,?the?condition?of?little?representative?of?UNSC?for?developing?countries?should?be?corrected.
United?Nations?Security?Council?should?permit?more?countries,?especially?the?middle?or?small?countries?have?more?opportunities?to?enter?the?UNSC?in?turn?and?take?part?in?the?decision?and?strategy.
Persist?in?the?principle?of?regional?balance,?and?represent?different?culture?and?civilization.
The?reform?plan?which?refers?to?some?regions?should?be?agreed?on?by?the?related?regions.?According?to?the?suggestion?of?Chinese?government,?the?principle?of?commission?in?turn?proposed?by?some?countries?should?be?considered?and?paid?more?attention.
Persist?in?reaching?an?agreement?which?is?the?essential?decree?of?Chapter.?The?aim?is?to?conclude?the?benefits?of?each?country,?particularly?the?middle?or?small?countries.?The?decision?could?be?trusted?and?supported?widely?only?through?consulting?for?an?agreement.?Chinese?government?disagrees?to?vote?artificially?by?force?to?the?program?which?is?still?in?controversy.?
希望对你有帮助，谢谢！
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如何处理师生关系英语作文120字
如何处理师生关系英语作文120字
如何处理师生关系英语作文120字，老师要求写作文是为了提高学生的创作水平，勤加练习才能写出好文章，作文的取材要看生活的经历，以下分享如何处理师生关系英语作文120字范文。
如何处理师生关系英语作文120字1 篇1
there’s an old chinese saying: "the teacher is not qualified, if he is not strict with his students." so we can see that in former times the relations between students and teachers were serious and formal. but nowadays, maybe because of the western influence, this kind of re lations becomes less formal and more friendly, especially at colleges and universities.
college students don’t have to stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom. students are generally encouraged to ask questions during class, to go to the professor’s office for help or to have a discussion with the tutor after class, and to phone if they need help in their lessons.
however, students are still epected to be polite to their teachers. when students want to ask questions, they usually raise their hands first and wait until they’re allowed to speak. but if a professor is giving a formal lecture, it is the wrong time to ask a question. if you de so, you are rude enough to offend the lecturer and the other classmates.
篇2
My Idea on Teacher student Relationship.
Teacher student relationship plays an important role in school life. A good relationship will make learning interesting and teaching enjoyable. A bad relationship, however, can make learning dull and teaching unpleasant.
To have a good teacher student relationship, it is important that the teacher and the student understand each other and respect each other. The teacher must know that he should be neither too tough, nor too permissive. If he is too tough, the student may be frightened and discouraged. If he is too permissive, the student may become lazy and careless. So his attitude should be between the two extremes. He should be strict yet friendly. As for a student, he should know that what the teacher does is for the benefit of his students. He should always show his proper respect to the teacher. Moreover, he should always be eager to learn and willing to work hard. If he is modest, he will learn more than just knowledge from his teacher.
In one word, a good teacher student relationship can be mutually beneficial. The student may find the learning process both fruitful and enjoyable while the teacher may find his teaching satisfactory and pleasant.
篇3
The Teacher-Student Relationship.
A good teacher－student relationship is ab1e to effective1y further the student to a higher level in study. The teacher with patience and understanding encourages the student instead of pushing or forcing him. The relationship of this sort makes learning so enjoyable and funny that the student would work hard willingly.
However, a bad relationship seriously weakens the achievement of teaching. It discourages the student from 1earning, leaving him with a wrong and negative attitude towards studying. Thus, teaching also becomes an unpleasant task, which forms a vicious cycle.
As I see it, the relationship between a teacher and a student should be attached much importance to. A good relationship makes the teacher’s job worthwhile while a bad one ill-affects the student’s development, even to the rest of his life.
如何处理师生关系英语作文120字2 建立民主、平等的新型师生关系应该从教师做起。
The establishment of a new democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students should start with teachers.
转变教师思想观念是突破口，调动学生积极因素，建立学生评价机制是关键，坚持理解和尊重原则是保障。
Changing teachers ideas is the breakthrough,mobilizing students positive factors,establishing students flexible evaluation is the key,and adhering to the principles of understanding and respect is the guarantee.
教师有热爱学生、无私奉献的精神，学生才会热爱教师，师生之间关系协调，两者才会产生感情上的共鸣，从而进入教育教学的最佳境界。
Teachers have the spirit of loving students and selfless dedication,students can participate in loving teachers,and the relationship between teachers and students is coordinated.
Their talents will resonate emotionally,so as to enter the best realm of education and teaching.
有时教师的一句平常话、一个普通的动作都会引起学生的内心波动，对师生关系产生正面或负面的影响。
Sometimes a teachers ordinary words and an ordinary action will cause students inner fluctuations and have a positive or negative impact on the relationship between teachers and students.
因此，建立民主、平等的师生关系的'因素是多元的，应不断实践和总结，以期取得更好的成果。
Therefore,the factors of establishing a democratic and equal teacher-student relationship are diverse,and we should continue to practice and summarize in order to get better results.
如何处理师生关系英语作文120字3 写作思路：确立中心，围绕选材，确定重点，安排详略，选材时要注意紧紧围绕文章的中心思想，选择真实可信、新鲜有趣的材料，以使文章中心思想鲜明、深刻地表现出来。
正文内容：
The Teacher-Student Relationship
A good teacher-student relationship will make learning enjoyable and interesting for the students and teaching worth-while for a teacher.
To set up a good teacher-student relationship, a teachers behaviour is important. The teacher should motivate the students so that they want to learn. A good teacher should be patient, friendly and strict. Remember not to encourage the students by pushing or forcing them. Being too friendly may cause students to become lazy and stop working hard. On the other hand, being too strict may frighten the students. So a teacher should avoid going extremes in treating his students. And teachers should encourage the students to think
independently and learn to study by themselves.
As for the students, they must always respect their teachers. Students should be eager to learn and willing to work hard. Its important to listen with attention in class and its more important to learn to raise questions and work out problems in new ways.
In conclusion, a good teacher-student relation-ship can be mutually beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job.
中文解释：
师生关系
良好的师生关系将使学生的学习愉快和有趣，教学对教师来说是值得的。
要建立良好的师生关系，教师的行为很重要。老师应该激励学生使他们想学习。一个好老师应该有耐心，友好，严格。记住不要用强迫或强迫的方式鼓励学生。过于友好可能会导致学生变得懒惰，停止努力学习。另一方面，过于严格可能会吓到学生。所以老师在对待学生时应该避免走极端。教师应该鼓励学生思考
独立学习，自学。
至于学生，他们必须永远尊重老师。学生应该渴望学习，愿意努力学习。在课堂上专心听讲很重要，更重要的是学会用新的方法提出问题和解决问题。
总之，良好的师生关系是互利的。学生们热切地、愉快地获得知识，教师从工作中获得满足感。
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